Beyond Browsing: API-Based Web Agents

Studies what happens when web-agent tasks are solved through APIs instead of only through browsers. The paper proposes both API-only and hybrid agents, and shows that hybrid access to APIs plus browsing substantially outperforms browsing alone on WebArena.

• Routing Is Least Learnable Where It Is Most Valuable: Bounds on Representation Routing for Web Agents
  August 6, 2026 · arXiv
• Online Skill Learning for Web Agents via State-Grounded Dynamic Retrieval
  June 3, 2026 · arXiv
• The Tool Illusion: Rethinking Tool Use in Web Agents
  April 3, 2026 · arXiv
• When Users Change Their Mind: Evaluating Interruptible Agents in Long-Horizon Web Navigation
  April 1, 2026 · arXiv
• WebArena-Infinity: Generating Browser Environments with Verifiable Tasks at Scale
  March 2026 · Blog Post
• AI Planning Framework for LLM-Based Web Agents
  March 13, 2026 · arXiv
• HATS: Hardness-Aware Trajectory Synthesis for GUI Agents
  March 12, 2026 · CVPR 2026
• WebWorld: A Large-Scale World Model for Web Agent Training
  February 16, 2026 · arXiv
• OpAgent: Operator Agent for Web Navigation
  February 14, 2026 · arXiv
• DynaWeb: Model-Based Reinforcement Learning of Web Agents
  January 29, 2026 · arXiv
• ColorBrowserAgent: Complex Long-Horizon Browser Agent with Adaptive Knowledge Evolution
  January 12, 2026 · arXiv
• WebOperator: Action-Aware Tree Search for Autonomous Agents in Web Environment
  December 14, 2025 · arXiv
• WALT: Web Agents that Learn Tools
  October 1, 2025 · ICLR 2026 (Poster)
• Go-Browse: Training Web Agents with Structured Exploration
  June 4, 2025 · ICLR 2026 (Poster)
• Inducing Programmatic Skills for Agentic Tasks
  April 9, 2025 · COLM 2025
• Large Language Models Can Self-Improve At Web Agent Tasks
  May 30, 2024 · arXiv
• SteP: Stacked LLM Policies for Web Actions
  October 5, 2023 · COLM 2024
• WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agents
  July 25, 2023 · ICLR 2024 (Poster)
• R-WoM: Retrieval-augmented World Model For Computer-use Agents
  October 13, 2025 · ICLR 2026 (Poster)
• VRL-Bench: Benchmarking agents on computer control tasks under finite trial budgets
  September 11, 2026 · arXiv
• Monitoring Web Agents Without Internal Signals: Observable Trajectories and Key-Step Supervision
  September 2, 2026 · arXiv
• Discriminative World Models for Web Agents
  September 2, 2026 · arXiv
• Beyond the Verdict: Evidence-Aligned Evaluation of Visual Prompt-Injection Guardrails
  September 2, 2026 · arXiv
• When and What to Teach: Budget-Aware Online Adaptation for Web Agents
  August 31, 2026 · arXiv